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Explain Bot The correct answer is d: base sequence change in DNA.
A single gene mutation can occur as a result of a base sequence change in DNA. DNA is composed of a series of nucleotide bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). These bases form a specific sequence that provides instructions for the production of proteins, which are essential for various cellular functions.
When a mutation occurs, it means that there has been a change in the DNA sequence. This change can involve the substitution (replacement), insertion, or deletion of one or more bases. Mutations can be spontaneous, meaning they occur spontaneously during DNA replication, or they can be induced by various external factors known as environmental mutagens.
Mutations can have different effects on genes. Some mutations are harmless and do not impact the functioning of a gene, while others can disrupt the normal coding sequence, leading to the production of non-functional proteins or altering their functionality. Mutations can also have more severe consequences by causing genetic disorders or increasing the risk of certain diseases.
In summary, the cause of a single gene mutation is a base sequence change in the DNA, which can occur spontaneously during normal DNA replication or be induced by external factors known as mutagens.