i) To evaluate the hypothesis, let's compare the processed data documented in the table to the theoretical trends. According to the hypothesis, the rate of the lipase-catalyzed reaction should increase steadily as the temperature increases from 10°C to 40°C, with 40°C being the enzyme's optimum. Above this optimum temperature, the rate of reaction should rapidly decrease as lipase becomes denatured.
Looking at the table, we see that the rate of reaction generally increases as the temperature increases from 10°C to 40°C, supporting the hypothesis. However, at 50°C, the rate of reaction unexpectedly decreases. This contradicts the hypothesis and suggests that something went wrong at this temperature during the experiment. The rate of reaction at 60°C is also zero, indicating complete denaturation of the lipase enzyme.
The Q10 values calculated for different temperature ranges also support the hypothesis to some extent. Q10 is a measure of how the rate of reaction changes with a 10°C increase in temperature. For the temperature range of 10°C to 30°C, the Q10 value is around 2, indicating a doubling of the rate of reaction for every 10°C increase. This is in line with the hypothesis. However, for the temperature range of 30°C to 40°C, the Q10 value is close to 1, suggesting that the rate of reaction does not increase significantly with a 10°C increase. This contradicts the hypothesis.
ii) Based on the comparison between the processed data and the hypothesis, we cannot confidently accept or reject the student's hypothesis. The data partially supports the hypothesis by showing an increasing rate of reaction with increasing temperature up to 40°C. However, the unexpected decrease in the rate of reaction at 50°C and complete denaturation at 60°C, along with the inconsistent Q10 values, raise doubts about the hypothesis. To confidently accept or reject the hypothesis, further experiments and analysis are required.
2) To determine the reliability of the statement that the optimal temperature for enzymes in the human body is 37°C, the student could extend the investigation as follows:
1. Conduct experiments with different enzymes: Test various enzymes found in the human body (e.g., amylase, pepsin, etc.) and measure their activity at different temperatures. Use specific substrates and assay methods for each enzyme.
2. Temperature range: Select a temperature range that covers a wide variation but includes 37°C.
3. Control variables: Maintain other factors affecting enzyme activity constant, such as pH, substrate concentration, and incubation time.
4. Experimental design: Use a standardized experimental design, such as a controlled reaction system and replicate experiments.
5. Data analysis: Measure and record the rate of enzyme activity at each temperature point. Plot a graph of temperature versus enzyme activity and observe the trend.
6. Optimal temperature determination: Identify the temperature at which the enzyme activity is the highest. This temperature can be considered the optimal temperature for that enzyme.
7. Statistical analysis: Perform statistical analysis, such as t-tests or ANOVA, to determine the significance of the results obtained.
By conducting experiments with different enzymes and analyzing the results, the student can determine the reliability of the statement that the optimal temperature for enzymes in the human body is 37°C. If the majority of enzymes tested show peak activity around 37°C, it would support the statement. However, if different enzymes exhibit varying optimal temperatures, further investigation would be needed to understand the specific temperature requirements for each enzyme.
Q10 
DrBob222 
Explain Bot