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Explain Bot To determine the conditions that can lead to an extremely low low tide during the occurrence of extremely high high tides, we need to understand the factors that influence tides. Tides are primarily caused by the gravitational forces between the Moon, Earth, and the Sun.
There are two factors that can contribute to extreme tides: the distance between the Earth and the Moon (perigee and apogee) and the distance between the Earth and the Sun (perihelion and aphelion). Additionally, the phase of the Moon can also affect tides.
First, let's understand the terms used in the answer choices:
1. Perigee: The point in the Moon's orbit where it is closest to the Earth.
2. Apogee: The point in the Moon's orbit where it is farthest from the Earth.
3. Perihelion: The point in the Earth's orbit where it is closest to the Sun.
4. Aphelion: The point in the Earth's orbit where it is farthest from the Sun.
5. New moon: The lunar phase where the Moon is between the Earth and the Sun, and the side facing the Earth is not visible.
6. Full moon: The lunar phase where the Earth is between the Moon and the Sun, and the side facing the Earth is fully illuminated.
7. First quarter: The lunar phase where the Moon has completed one quarter of its orbit around the Earth, and half of the side facing the Earth is illuminated.
8. Last quarter: The lunar phase where the Moon has completed three-quarters of its orbit around the Earth, and half of the side facing the Earth is illuminated.
Now, let's consider the answer choices:
1. Apogee, perihelion, last quarter: Apogee refers to the Moon being farthest from the Earth, which can contribute to lower tides. Perihelion refers to the Earth being closest to the Sun but does not directly impact tides. The last quarter does not have a significant effect on tides. This combination is not likely to result in extremely low low tides during extremely high high tides.
2. Apogee, aphelion, new moon: Apogee (Moon farthest from Earth) can contribute to lower tides, while aphelion (Earth farthest from the Sun) has no significant impact on tides. During a new moon, the alignment of the Sun, Moon, and Earth can result in higher high tides and lower low tides. This combination can contribute to extremely low low tides during extremely high high tides.
3. Perigee, perihelion, full moon: Perigee (Moon closest to Earth) can contribute to higher tides, while perihelion (Earth closest to the Sun) has no significant impact on tides. A full moon can also result in higher high tides and lower low tides due to the alignment of the Sun, Moon, and Earth. This combination may not lead to extremely low low tides during extremely high high tides.
4. Perigee, aphelion, first quarter: Perigee (Moon closest to Earth) can contribute to higher tides, while aphelion (Earth farthest from the Sun) has no significant impact on tides. The first quarter does not have a significant effect on tides. This combination is not likely to result in extremely low low tides during extremely high high tides.
Based on the explanations above, the answer that best fits the conditions for extremely low low tides during extremely high high tides is option 2: apogee, aphelion, new moon.