When elements in the same group form molecules, the number of outer-shell electrons involved is the same and so the number of bonds forming the molecule is the same too.
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This question has been answered. Without a blackboard and in-person relationship, this is about the best one can do. See https://www.jiskha.com/questions/1818619/when-elements-in-the-same-group-form-molecules-the-number-of-outer-shell-electrons
When elements in the same group (column) on the periodic table form molecules, they tend to have similar chemical properties because they have the same number of electrons in their outermost shell, also known as the valence shell. The valence shell is responsible for determining how an atom forms chemical bonds with other atoms.
Atoms bond with each other in order to achieve a more stable electron configuration. This can be done by either gaining or losing electrons to attain a full valence shell or by sharing electrons with other atoms. The number of outer-shell electrons involved in bonding is typically equal to the number of bonds that an atom forms in a molecule.
For example, let's consider Group 14 of the periodic table, which includes carbon, silicon, germanium, tin, and lead. All of these elements have four electrons in their outermost shell. When they form molecules, they will each typically share or bond with four other atoms, leading to the formation of four covalent bonds.
This pattern holds true for other groups as well. Elements in Group 1 (such as lithium, sodium, and potassium) have only one electron in their outer shell. Therefore, they tend to form one bond when they react with other elements to achieve a stable electron configuration. Similarly, Group 17 elements (like fluorine, chlorine, and bromine) have seven outer-shell electrons and typically form one bond to achieve a full valence shell of eight electrons.
In summary, elements in the same group have a similar number of outer-shell electrons, leading to similar chemical properties and a consistent number of bonds formed when they participate in chemical reactions.