To find the electric force between charged objects, you can use Coulomb's Law, which states that the electric force between two charged objects is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
Coulomb's Law can be expressed as:
F = k * (|q1| * |q2|) / r^2
where:
F is the electric force between the charges,
k is the electrostatic constant (9 x 10^9 Nm^2/C^2),
|q1| and |q2| are the magnitudes of the charges, and
r is the distance between the charges.
Using this formula, we can solve the given problems:
1) To find the electric force between the balloon and the denim:
F = (9 x 10^9 Nm^2/C^2) * (|-8.45µC| * 0) / (0.047m)^2
Note: The distance should be converted to meters.
2) For the electric force between two spheres:
a) F = (9 x 10^9 Nm^2/C^2) * (|12 x 10^-9C| * |-18 x 10^-9C|) / (0.34m)^2
b) When the spheres are connected by a conducting wire, they will reach equilibrium and have the same potential. Therefore, the net charge on the spheres after the transfer of charge will be zero. The electric force between the two spheres will become zero.
3) To find the distance between the two charges:
172N = (9 x 10^9 Nm^2/C^2) * (|61.0µC| * |0.48µC|) / r^2
Solving this equation for r will give you the distance between the two charges.