1. To determine three insoluble compounds, we need to look at the solubility rules for common anions. Here are three examples, each with a different anion:
a) Silver chloride (AgCl): The solubility rules state that chloride (Cl-) salts are generally soluble, except when they are paired with silver (Ag+) ions. Therefore, silver chloride is an insoluble compound.
b) Lead sulfate (PbSO4): The solubility rules indicate that sulfate (SO4 2-) salts are generally soluble, except for those containing lead (Pb2+) ions. Hence, lead sulfate is another insoluble compound.
c) Calcium carbonate (CaCO3): Carbonates (CO3 2-) are usually insoluble except for those of the alkali metals (group 1 elements) and ammonium (NH4+). Calcium carbonate falls into the insoluble category.
2. To name three strong acids, only one of which can be from Group 17 (the halogens):
a) Hydrochloric acid (HCl): This is a strong acid and exists as an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride gas.
b) Nitric acid (HNO3): Nitric acid is another strong acid that is produced when nitrogen dioxide gas reacts with water.
c) Sulfuric acid (H2SO4): Sulfuric acid is a strong acid formed by the reaction of sulfur trioxide with water.
3. To name three strong bases from different groups:
a) Sodium hydroxide (NaOH): Sodium hydroxide is a strong base from Group 1 (alkali metals) and is commonly known as caustic soda.
b) Barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2): Barium hydroxide is a strong base from Group 2 (alkaline earth metals) and is often used in laboratory applications.
c) Aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3): Aluminum hydroxide is a strong base that belongs to Group 3 of the periodic table, known as the boron group. It is commonly used as an antacid.