To answer these questions, we need to understand the concepts of buffer solutions and the effects of salts on pH.
1. To make a buffer using NH4OH, you must add:
To make a buffer solution using NH4OH, you typically add its conjugate acid, which is NH4+ (ammonium ion). The addition of NH4+ and NH4OH creates an equilibrium between the weak acid (NH4+) and the weak base (NH4OH), which helps in maintaining the pH of the solution.
Therefore, the correct answer would be d. its salt.
2. Acidosis is a condition where the body fluids are too acidic. If someone with acidosis uses a lot of salt on their food:
Excess sodium ions from the salt intake won't directly affect the pH of body fluids. Sodium ions (Na+) are neutral and do not contribute to the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.
Therefore, the correct answer would be d. it won't directly affect their pH.