1) How does water vapour change into solid and liquid water above earth's surface?
2)does all surface runoff move directley into lakes, rivers and oceans?
Please help asap it means alot!
1. I'm not sure what you mean by #1. Heat is removed from water vapor to become liquid and more heat removal changes liquid water to solid.
2. No. Some water evaporates during runoff and that enters the atmosphere. It is returned later to earth by condensation in the form of ice, snow, sleet, rain, etc.
Thank you so much! :D
1) Water vapor changes into solid water through the process of deposition. When water vapor cools down and loses energy, it transforms directly into ice without going through the liquid phase. This commonly happens when the temperature of the air is below freezing point.
Water vapor changes into liquid water through the process of condensation. Condensation occurs when the water vapor in the air comes into contact with a cool surface or cooler air, causing it to lose energy and transform into liquid droplets.
2) Not all surface runoff moves directly into lakes, rivers, and oceans. Surface runoff refers to water that does not infiltrate the ground and instead flows over the surface. It can be influenced by various factors such as slope, vegetation cover, soil type, and human modifications to the landscape.
Surface runoff can follow different paths:
- Some runoff may infiltrate the soil and become groundwater.
- Some runoff may be absorbed by vegetation or evaporate back into the atmosphere.
- Some runoff might accumulate in smaller water bodies like ponds or wetlands before eventually reaching larger bodies of water like lakes, rivers, or oceans.
- In urban areas, surface runoff often flows into stormwater drains, which can lead to separate drainage systems or directly into water bodies.
The path of surface runoff can depend on the specific topography and characteristics of the land, as well as man-made structures and drainage systems in place.
1) Water vapor changing into solid and liquid water above Earth's surface occurs through the processes of condensation and deposition. Here's how it happens:
Condensation: When water vapor cools down, it undergoes condensation and converts into liquid water. This typically occurs when warm air containing water vapor comes into contact with a colder surface, such as the atmosphere cooling down at higher altitudes or when it encounters cooler objects like clouds or surfaces. The cooling causes the water vapor molecules to slow down and come closer together, forming liquid water droplets.
Deposition: Under certain conditions, water vapor can also directly change into solid ice without first becoming a liquid. This process is known as deposition. It happens when the air temperature is below freezing point (0 degrees Celsius or 32 degrees Fahrenheit), causing the water vapor to skip the liquid phase and form ice crystals directly on surfaces like dust particles, vegetation, or even in the atmosphere itself. This is how frost and snowflakes are formed.
2) Not all surface runoff moves directly into lakes, rivers, and oceans. Surface runoff refers to the water that flows over the surface of the land instead of percolating into the soil. It includes rainwater, melted snow, or any other water that doesn't get absorbed by the ground.
The path of surface runoff depends on various factors such as topography, land cover, and soil conditions. Here are a few possibilities:
- Infiltration: Some surface runoff may infiltrate into the soil and eventually recharge groundwater. This is more likely to happen in areas with permeable soils or well-drained landscapes.
- Absorption by vegetation: In vegetated areas, plants and trees can absorb water from the surface, intercepting and using a significant portion of the runoff for their growth and transpiration.
- Channelized flow: Surface runoff may also travel along natural or man-made channels like streams, creeks, or stormwater drains, ultimately reaching lakes, rivers, or oceans.
- Infiltration basins or retention ponds: In urbanized areas, engineered systems like infiltration basins or retention ponds are designed to capture and temporarily hold surface runoff. These structures allow water to slowly soak into the ground or evaporate, reducing the direct flow into water bodies.
It's important to note that the movement of surface runoff can be complex and influenced by local conditions. Factors like land development, urbanization, and human activities can greatly alter the natural drainage patterns.