How would i summarize the physical properties of ionic compounds, non polar covalent compounds, polar covalent compounds and covalent solids?

(this is one part of the lesson i never understood)

All are summarized quite neatly here.

http://www.utc.edu/Faculty/Gretchen-Potts/chemistryhelp/compounds.htm

To summarize the physical properties of different types of compounds, including ionic compounds, nonpolar covalent compounds, polar covalent compounds, and covalent solids, we'll need to understand the nature of their chemical bonds and resulting molecular structures.

1. Ionic Compounds:
Ionic compounds are formed by the transfer of electrons between a metal and a nonmetal. They have high melting and boiling points because of the strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in the solid state. Ionic compounds also tend to be brittle and are poor conductors of electricity in the solid state, but they conduct electricity when they are dissolved in water or melted.

2. Nonpolar Covalent Compounds:
Nonpolar covalent compounds are formed when electrons are equally shared between two atoms of the same element or atoms having similar electronegativities. These compounds typically have low melting and boiling points due to the relatively weak intermolecular forces. They are generally insoluble in water because water molecules are polar and do not interact well with nonpolar compounds. Nonpolar covalent compounds are also nonconductors of electricity.

3. Polar Covalent Compounds:
Polar covalent compounds are formed when electrons are unequally shared between two atoms of different elements. These compounds have intermediate melting and boiling points compared to ionic and nonpolar covalent compounds. The presence of polar bonds leads to dipole-dipole interactions between the molecules, resulting in stronger intermolecular forces. Polar covalent compounds are usually soluble in polar solvents like water due to the ability of polar molecules to interact with other polar compounds. These compounds can exhibit variable conductivity, depending on the presence of polar functional groups or charged species.

4. Covalent Solids:
Covalent solids, also known as molecular solids, are composed of individual covalent molecules held together by intermolecular forces. They have relatively low melting and boiling points compared to ionic compounds and covalent solids. Covalent solids are typically insoluble in water and have poor electrical conductivity in any state, as they lack the presence of mobile charged particles.

Understanding the differences between these types of compounds and their corresponding physical properties can provide insight into their behavior and applications in various fields of science and technology.