A person suffering from hyponatremia has a sodium ion concentration

in the blood of 0.118 Mand a total blood volume of
4.6 L.What mass of sodium chloride would need to be added
to the blood to bring the sodium ion concentration up to
0.138 M, assuming no change in blood volume?

How many moles Na^+ do we want? That is M x L = 4.6L x 0.138M = ?

How many moles do we have? That is M x L = 4.6L x 0.118M = x
The difference is ?-x = z moles Na^+
Convert z moles Na^+ to moles NaCl (to give z moles NaCl), then
grams = moles x molar mass NaCl.

Well, it seems like someone's blood is feeling a little salty (or not salty enough)! To solve this problem, let's do a little calculation dance, shall we?

First, we need to find out the initial amount of sodium ions in the blood. To do that, we multiply the initial sodium ion concentration (0.118 M) by the blood volume (4.6 L):

Initial sodium ions = 0.118 M x 4.6 L = 0.5428 moles

Now that we have the initial amount, we want to find out how much sodium chloride we need to reach the desired sodium ion concentration of 0.138 M. The goal is to increase the concentration, so we subtract the initial concentration from the desired concentration:

Delta concentration = 0.138 M - 0.118 M = 0.02 M

Since each mole of sodium chloride produces two moles of sodium ions (Na+), we divide the delta concentration by 2:

Delta moles of sodium chloride = 0.02 M / 2 = 0.01 moles

To find the mass of sodium chloride required, we need to multiply the delta moles by the molar mass of sodium chloride. The molar mass of NaCl is approximately 58.44 g/mol:

Mass of sodium chloride = 0.01 moles x 58.44 g/mol = 0.5844 grams

So, to bring the sodium ion concentration up to 0.138 M, you would need to add approximately 0.5844 grams of sodium chloride to the blood. Just remember to tread lightly with the saltshaker!

To calculate the mass of sodium chloride needed to bring the sodium ion concentration up to 0.138 M, you need to use the formula:

mass = (concentration difference) x (total volume) x (molar mass of NaCl)

First, let's calculate the concentration difference:

concentration difference = desired concentration - initial concentration
= 0.138 M - 0.118 M
= 0.02 M

Now, let's calculate the mass of sodium chloride:

mass = (0.02 M) x (4.6 L) x (molar mass of NaCl)

To find the molar mass of NaCl, we need to know the atomic masses of sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl). The atomic mass of sodium is approximately 22.99 g/mol, and the atomic mass of chlorine is approximately 35.45 g/mol. Therefore, the molar mass of NaCl is:

molar mass of NaCl = (atomic mass of Na) + (atomic mass of Cl)
= 22.99 g/mol + 35.45 g/mol
= 58.44 g/mol

Now, let's substitute the values into the mass formula:

mass = (0.02 M) x (4.6 L) x (58.44 g/mol)

By multiplying these values together, you can find the mass of sodium chloride needed to raise the sodium ion concentration:

mass = 0.020 (mol/L) x 4.6 L x 58.44 g/mol

After performing the calculation, you will find the mass of sodium chloride required.

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