A study of the causes of the American Revolution of 1776, the French Revolution of 1789, and the Russian Revolution of 1917 best supports the generalization that revolution is most likely to occur when

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a. people are given too much voice in their government
b. those in power are resistant to change
c. a society has a lower standard of living than those around it
d. a society has become industrialized
e. stable governments are in power

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thos in power are resistant to change

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To understand the causes of the American Revolution of 1776, the French Revolution of 1789, and the Russian Revolution of 1917, and determine why revolution is most likely to occur, we need to analyze historical events, social conditions, and underlying factors. Here are some key factors that may contribute to the likelihood of a revolution:

1. Social Inequality: Revolution often arises in societies with significant social, economic, or political disparities. In all three revolutions, there was a considerable divide between the ruling classes and the common people. The American colonies experienced resentment towards British taxation policies and lack of representation, while France had an oppressive monarchy and an impoverished population suffering from widespread inequality. Similarly, in Russia, there was a vast disparity between the ruling aristocracy and the impoverished majority.

2. Political Oppression: Revolutions tend to occur when there is a lack of political freedom, limited civil rights, and authoritarian rule. The American colonies were subjected to British colonial policies that restricted their representation and political autonomy. France suffered from an absolute monarchy that denied the common people any significant political power. During the final years of the Romanov dynasty, Russia was ruled by an autocratic government, suppressing dissent and curtailing individual liberties.

3. Economic Crisis: Economic turmoil can fuel revolutionary sentiments. In the American colonies, heavy taxation by Britain and trade restrictions imposed by the Navigation Acts led to significant economic grievances. France faced economic hardships, including food shortages and high taxation, which provoked discontent among the population. Russia experienced severe economic strain due to World War I, leading to food shortages and widespread dissatisfaction.

4. Influence of Enlightened Ideas: The spread of Enlightenment ideals, such as the pursuit of liberty, equality, and individual rights, often played a significant role in revolutions. In the American Revolution, ideas of natural rights, popular sovereignty, and representative government influenced the colonists. The French Revolution drew inspiration from the Enlightenment's emphasis on equality and popular sovereignty. Russian revolutionaries were influenced by socialist ideologies and the desire for a more egalitarian society.

5. Leadership and Organization: Effective leadership and organized opposition are crucial in initiating and driving a revolution. The American Revolution had leaders like George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and the Continental Congress, who rallied the colonists and established institutions such as the Continental Army. The French Revolution had influential figures like Maximilien Robespierre who mobilized the masses and facilitated the revolutionary process. The Russian Revolution involved various revolutionary factions, including the Bolsheviks led by Vladimir Lenin.

It is important to note that these factors are not exhaustive, and the causes of each revolution may have unique elements. Nevertheless, analyzing these historical events can support the generalization that revolution is most likely to occur when there are social inequalities, political oppression, economic crisis, the influence of revolutionary ideas, and effective leadership and organization.