contrast ionic and molecular substances in terms of the types of attractive forces that govern their behavior

Ionic substances are made up of ionic molecules whereas molecular substances are made up of molecules.The ionic bond is due to oppositely charged ions participating in bond formation. It is mainly electrostatic force. In molecular substances it is due vander vaal's force of attraction. This makes the ionic bond stronger than the molecular bond.

To contrast ionic and molecular substances in terms of the types of attractive forces that govern their behavior, we can examine the nature of their bonding and the types of interactions between their constituent particles.

Ionic substances are formed when metal atoms donate electrons to non-metal atoms, resulting in the formation of positively charged metal ions and negatively charged non-metal ions. The attractive forces that govern the behavior of ionic substances are called electrostatic forces or ionic bonds. These bonds are strong and result from the attraction between opposite charges. The electrostatic forces keep the ions arranged in a regular, repeating pattern called a crystal lattice. Examples of ionic substances include table salt (sodium chloride) and magnesium oxide.

On the other hand, molecular substances are formed from the sharing of electrons between non-metal atoms. In molecular substances, the attractive forces are called covalent bonds. Covalent bonds are generally weaker than ionic bonds and occur when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons. The strength of a covalent bond depends on the number of shared electron pairs. Unlike ionic substances, molecular substances do not form crystal lattices but exist as discrete molecules. Examples of molecular substances include water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2).

In summary, the main difference between ionic and molecular substances lies in the type of bonding and the nature of the attractive forces. Ionic substances are held together by strong electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions, while covalent bonds form molecular substances through the sharing of electrons.