What exactly is nationalism and why did it grow as much as it did in the 19th century?

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalism

http://www.google.com/search?q=growth+nationalism+19th+century&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-a

Nationalism is a political ideology or movement that emphasizes the interests and identity of a particular nation. It is characterized by a sense of shared history, culture, language, and territory, which fosters a strong sense of loyalty and devotion towards the nation.

In the 19th century, nationalism experienced significant growth for a few reasons. First, the Enlightenment and the French Revolution had a profound impact on Europe, promoting the ideas of individual rights, democracy, and self-determination. These ideas stimulated the notion of popular sovereignty and led people to question oppressive monarchies and empires.

Second, the Industrial Revolution accelerated economic and social changes, leading to urbanization and the emergence of a wealthy middle class. This middle class was composed of educated and politically aware individuals who sought to assert their own cultural and political identity instead of being subject to ruling elites.

Third, the spread of ideas and information through print media and journalism made it easier for nationalist ideologies to be disseminated and embraced by larger audiences. Nationalist thinkers and leaders used this medium to promote their ideas, narratives of national history, and cultural distinctiveness.

Additionally, the concept of nationalism gained momentum due to wars and conflicts during the 19th century. Encounters between different nations fueled feelings of rivalry and a desire for self-determination. The Napoleonic Wars and other conflicts, along with the formation of nation-states like Germany and Italy, acted as catalysts for nationalist sentiments.

Lastly, linguistic and cultural movements played a significant role in fostering nationalism. Language became a powerful symbol of national identity and unity, as people began to advocate for the preservation and promotion of their own languages and cultures.

Overall, the combination of historical events, intellectual developments, economic changes, and cultural movements contributed to the rise and growth of nationalism in the 19th century.