The Umayyad Caliphate was the first Islamic caliphate, ruling from 661 to 750 CE. During this period, Islam was spread throughout the Middle East and North Africa, and the Umayyads were responsible for the construction of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem and the Great Mosque of Damascus. Under the Umayyads, Islamic law was codified and the Quran was compiled. The Umayyads also encouraged the development of Islamic art and architecture, and the spread of Islamic culture. The Umayyads were also known for their tolerance of other religions, allowing Christians and Jews to practice their faith without persecution.
