Igneous rock forms when rock melts and then crystallizes.
When rock melts below Earth's surface, the rock becomes magma. Magma can rise to the surface through cracks in Earth's crust. Magma that reaches Earth's surface is called lava. When lava or magma cools, it solidifies by crystallizing to form igneous rock.
Igneous rocks commonly form at volcanoes, such as the Mauna Loa volcano in Hawaii.
Order the following events to describe how igneous rock can form at Mauna Loa.
Lava erupts from Mauna Loa and flows down the
volcano.
Rock beneath Mauna Loa melts to form magma.
Ocean water cools the lava, causing it to crystallize and
rorm ianeous rock.
Melted rock rises toward Earth's surface.
Lava flowing down the volcano enters the Pacific Ocean.
1. Rock beneath Mauna Loa melts to form magma.
2. Melted rock rises toward Earth's surface.
3. Lava erupts from Mauna Loa and flows down the volcano.
4. Lava flowing down the volcano enters the Pacific Ocean.
5. Ocean water cools the lava, causing it to crystallize and form igneous rock.
To order the events in the formation of igneous rock at Mauna Loa, we need to understand the process of lava flow and cooling. Here is the correct order:
1. Rock beneath Mauna Loa melts to form magma.
2. Melted rock rises toward Earth's surface.
3. Lava erupts from Mauna Loa and flows down the volcano.
4. Lava flowing down the volcano enters the Pacific Ocean.
5. Ocean water cools the lava, causing it to crystallize and form igneous rock.
Explanation:
1. Rock beneath Mauna Loa melts to form magma: The heat within the Earth's mantle causes the rock beneath Mauna Loa to melt, forming magma.
2. Melted rock rises toward Earth's surface: The less dense magma rises through cracks in Earth's crust, moving towards the surface. This movement is driven by the difference in density between the magma and the surrounding rocks.
3. Lava erupts from Mauna Loa and flows down the volcano: When the magma reaches the surface, it is called lava. It erupts from the volcano and flows down the slopes of Mauna Loa as a lava flow.
4. Lava flowing down the volcano enters the Pacific Ocean: The lava flows continue moving down the slopes until they reach the ocean, where they encounter the cool ocean water.
5. Ocean water cools the lava, causing it to crystallize and form igneous rock: The cool ocean water rapidly cools the lava, causing it to solidify. As the lava cools and crystallizes, it transforms into igneous rock. This process is known as crystallization.
Therefore, the correct order is 1-2-3-4-5.
1. Rock beneath Mauna Loa melts to form magma.
2. Melted rock rises toward Earth's surface.
3. Lava erupts from Mauna Loa and flows down the volcano.
4. Lava flowing down the volcano enters the Pacific Ocean.
5. Ocean water cools the lava, causing it to crystallize and form igneous rock.