Which is an effect of deforestation?
A.
soil erosion
B.
air pollution
C.
water pollution
D.
earthquakes
soil erosion
The effect of deforestation includes several consequences, including soil erosion, air pollution, water pollution, and even changes in natural phenomena like earthquakes. To determine which of these options is a direct effect of deforestation, we need to understand each term and how they relate to deforestation.
1. Soil erosion: It refers to the process of the top layer of soil being washed or blown away, leaving the land barren and devoid of nutrients. Deforestation exposes the soil to rain and wind, making it more susceptible to erosion. The removal of trees and vegetation disrupts the natural balance that helps hold the soil in place, increasing the chances of erosion.
2. Air pollution: Deforestation indirectly contributes to air pollution. Trees absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and release oxygen through the process of photosynthesis. When trees are cut down, there is a decline in the amount of carbon dioxide being absorbed, leading to an increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, which contributes to air pollution.
3. Water pollution: Deforestation can lead to water pollution in a couple of ways. Firstly, without the roots of trees to hold the soil together, rainwater can wash away sediment and pollutants into nearby water bodies, causing contamination. Additionally, deforested areas are more prone to human activities like mining and agriculture, which can introduce chemicals and fertilizers into the water, further polluting it.
4. Earthquakes: Deforestation itself does not directly cause earthquakes. However, extensive deforestation can indirectly influence seismic activity. Large-scale deforestation can alter the composition and stability of the Earth's crust, potentially leading to changes in stress distribution and increasing the likelihood of seismic events. While it is an indirect effect, earthquakes are not a commonly recognized consequence of deforestation.
Based on the information provided, the correct answer would be A. Soil erosion. It is a direct and well-documented result of deforestation.