1. A bottle of water is taken out of a refrigerator and put on a kitchen table. As the bottle of water warms up, what happens to the particles in the water?

a The average kinetic energy of the particles increases. ***
b The average temperature of the particles increases.
c The average space between particles decreases.
d The average potential energy of the particles decreases.

2. Ice and water in a glass are at the same temperature. What other similarities or differences are there between the water and the ice?
a All of the particles will have the same potential energy, but the particles in the water will have more kinetic energy.
b All of the particles will have the same kinetic energy, but the particles in the water will have more potential energy.
c All of the particles will have the same potential energy, but the particles in the ice will have more kinetic energy.
d All of the particles will have the same kinetic energy, but the particles in the ice will have more potential energy.

3. Which change occurs due to the addition of thermal energy to a substance?
a There is a decrease in the kinetic energy of its particles and a decrease in temperature.
b There is a decrease in the kinetic energy of its particles and an increase in temperature.
c There is an increase in the kinetic energy of its particles and an increase in temperature.

d There is an increase in the kinetic energy of its particles and a decrease in temperature.

4. Liquid water becomes a gas at a certain temperature. Which changes will occur in the molecules of water?
a The molecules will have more kinetic energy because they will be moving faster.
b The molecules will have more kinetic energy because they will be farther apart.
c The molecules will have more potential energy because they will be moving faster.
d The molecules will have more potential energy because they will be farther apart.

5. A student measures the temperature of four samples of water. Which sample has water particles that have the greatest average kinetic energy?
Sample Temperature (ºC) Volume (mL)
1 15 30
2 8 30
3 22 30
4 4 30

a 4
b 1
c 3
d 2

6. A student sets up four cups with 40 mL of water in each and adds different amounts of ice to each cup. The student measures the temperature of the water before and after the ice melts in each cup. Which statement describes how the student can determine the connection between the temperature change and the transfer of kinetic energy?
a The cup with the greatest temperature change has the least transfer of kinetic energy, and this transfer occurs from the water to the ice.
b The cup with the greatest temperature change has the least transfer of kinetic energy, and this transfer occurs from the ice to the water.
c The cup with the greatest temperature change has the greatest transfer of kinetic energy, and this transfer occurs from the water to the ice.
d The cup with the greatest temperature change has the greatest transfer of kinetic energy, and this transfer occurs from the ice to the water.

7. Which state of matter has the most energy?
a plasma
b solid
c gas
d liquid

8. A student adds ice to four identical cups of water. The mass of ice added is shown in the table. Which cup will have the greatest change in temperature?
Cup Number Ice Added (grams)
1 22.1
2 105.3
3 19.0
4 58.0
a 1
b 3
c 2
d 4

9. What happens to water molecules as water is heated?
a The molecules sink.
b The molecules get closer together.
c The molecules move more slowly.
d The molecules become less dense.

10. A cook places a pot of water over a flame on a stove. What will happen to the water molecules near the surface of the water?
a They will become more dense and sink.
b They will become less dense and sink.
c They will become more dense and rise.
d They will become less dense and rise.

11. Which option is an example of a transfer of heat by radiation?
a people warming up near a campfire
b soup being heated in a bowl in the microwave
c a metal spoon in a cup of tea becoming hot
d ice melting in a glass of warm water

12. Which property makes a substance a good conductor of heat?
a if its particles are unlikely to bump together
b if heat is unlikely to escape to its surroundings
c if heat moves through it quickly
d if its particles are farther apart

1. The average kinetic energy of the particles increases.

2. All of the particles will have the same kinetic energy, but the particles in the water will have more potential energy.
3. There is an increase in the kinetic energy of its particles and an increase in temperature.
4. The molecules will have more potential energy because they will be farther apart.
5. 3
6. The cup with the greatest temperature change has the greatest transfer of kinetic energy, and this transfer occurs from the water to the ice.
7. plasma
8. 2
9. The molecules become less dense.
10. They will become more dense and sink.
11. people warming up near a campfire
12. if heat moves through it quickly

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1. To answer this question, we need to know about the behavior of particles in a substance as it warms up. When a bottle of water is taken out of a refrigerator and put on a kitchen table, the temperature of the water increases, causing the particles in the water to gain more energy. This increase in energy is known as kinetic energy. So, the correct answer is a) The average kinetic energy of the particles increases.

2. In this question, we are comparing water and ice at the same temperature. The key concept to understand here is that temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance. Both water and ice have particles with the same average kinetic energy because they are at the same temperature. However, the arrangement of particles in water and ice is different. In water, the particles are more mobile and can move freely, whereas in ice, the particles are arranged in a more rigid structure. So, the correct answer is a) All of the particles will have the same potential energy, but the particles in the water will have more kinetic energy.

3. When thermal energy is added to a substance, it increases the kinetic energy of the particles in the substance, causing them to move faster. This increase in kinetic energy is what we perceive as an increase in temperature. So, the correct answer is c) There is an increase in the kinetic energy of its particles and an increase in temperature.

4. When liquid water becomes a gas (vapor), it undergoes a phase change called evaporation. During evaporation, water molecules gain enough energy from their surroundings to overcome the forces holding them together in the liquid state. This results in the molecules becoming more energetic and moving faster, which is an increase in kinetic energy. Thus, the correct answer is a) The molecules will have more kinetic energy because they will be moving faster.

5. To determine which sample has water particles with the greatest average kinetic energy, we need to look at the temperature of each sample. The higher the temperature, the greater the average kinetic energy of the particles. In this case, we can see that sample 3 has the highest temperature (22 ºC), so it will have water particles with the greatest average kinetic energy. Hence, the correct answer is c) 3.

6. In this scenario, the student is observing the temperature change when ice melts in cups of water. When ice melts, it absorbs heat energy from its surroundings, including the water. This transfer of heat energy causes the temperature of the water to decrease. So, the cup with the greatest temperature change will have the greatest transfer of kinetic energy, from the water to the ice. Therefore, the correct answer is c) The cup with the greatest temperature change has the greatest transfer of kinetic energy, and this transfer occurs from the water to the ice.

7. The state of matter with the most energy is plasma. Plasma is a highly energized state of matter in which particles are highly charged and moving at high speeds. It is often found in extreme conditions like lightning and stars. Thus, the correct answer is a) plasma.

8. In this question, we are comparing the change in temperature of water in different cups after adding ice. The mass of the ice added determines the amount of heat energy that will be transferred from the water to the ice during melting. The greater the mass of ice added, the more heat energy will be absorbed, resulting in a greater temperature change in the water. Looking at the ice added, cup 2 has the highest mass of ice (105.3 grams), so it will have the greatest change in temperature. Thus, the correct answer is c) 2.

9. When water is heated, the water molecules gain thermal energy, which causes them to move more quickly and increases their kinetic energy. As the kinetic energy increases, the water molecules move apart and become less dense. So, the correct answer is d) The molecules become less dense.

10. When a pot of water is placed over a flame on a stove, the water molecules near the surface of the water receive heat energy from the flame. This increase in thermal energy causes the water molecules to move more rapidly, resulting in an increase in kinetic energy. As the kinetic energy increases, the water molecules become less dense and expand, causing them to rise to the surface. So, the correct answer is d) They will become less dense and rise.

11. Heat transfer by radiation refers to the transfer of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves, such as heat energy from the sun or a fire. In this case, people warming up near a campfire is an example of heat transfer by radiation. Thus, the correct answer is a) People warming up near a campfire.

12. A substance that is a good conductor of heat allows heat to move through it quickly. This characteristic is typically due to the particles being closely packed together, allowing for efficient transfer of thermal energy between them. So, the correct answer is c) If heat moves through it quickly.

1. a The average kinetic energy of the particles increases. Because warm water particles are more lively - they're just trying to make a splash!

2. a All of the particles will have the same potential energy, but the particles in the water will have more kinetic energy. Ice is just too cool to move around as much as water.
3. c There is an increase in the kinetic energy of its particles and an increase in temperature. It's like a party in the substance. More energy means more dancing!
4. a The molecules will have more kinetic energy because they will be moving faster. They'll be zooming around like little water racers!
5. c 3. Those particles have all the moves and the highest average kinetic energy, they're like the Olympic athletes of the water world.
6. c The cup with the greatest temperature change has the greatest transfer of kinetic energy, and this transfer occurs from the water to the ice. Those water particles bring the heat to the ice party!
7. a plasma. Plasma is really energetic, it's basically like a rave party for particles!
8. c 2. The more ice, the more the temperature change. It's like those particles just can't take the cold!
9. b The molecules get closer together. They're just trying to share the warmth and get cozy!
10. c They will become more dense and rise. They're trying to escape the heat before they turn into water vapor!
11. a people warming up near a campfire. Now that's a nice warm hug from the fire. Don't get too close though, it's not a good look if your clothes catch on fire!
12. c if heat moves through it quickly. It's like the substance is a super fast runner in the heat Olympics. It's just got that natural talent for heat conduction!

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Agree with your first answer, but what are your choices for the other questions?