A special type of cell division called meiosis, is used to form sex cells or gametes. Which statements are true about this type of cell division?
a) Meiosis is complete after one round of cell division
b) DNA is not copied at all during meiosis
c) The new cells have half the DNA of the parent cell
d) The products of meiosis are two identical cells.
The correct statements about meiosis are:
a) Meiosis is complete after one round of cell division
c) The new cells have half the DNA of the parent cell
Explanation:
a) Meiosis involves two rounds of cell division: meiosis I and meiosis II. Each round of cell division is similar to mitosis and involves the separation of chromosomes. Meiosis is only complete after both rounds of division.
b) DNA replication occurs before meiosis starts. This means that DNA is copied during the S-phase of interphase, which is a preparatory phase before meiosis.
c) The new cells generated through meiosis, known as gametes or sex cells, have half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. This is because during meiosis, chromosome number is reduced by half through two rounds of division, resulting in haploid cells.
d) The products of meiosis are not identical cells. Rather, they are genetically unique due to the process of genetic recombination and independent assortment, which occurs during meiosis. This ensures genetic diversity among the gametes.
The correct statement about meiosis is:
c) The new cells have half the DNA of the parent cell
To understand why this statement is true, let's break down the process of meiosis.
Meiosis consists of two rounds of cell division, called meiosis I and meiosis II. Each round is specialized to reduce the number of chromosomes in the parent cell.
During meiosis I, DNA is indeed copied. Before the start of meiosis I, the DNA in the parent cell replicates, resulting in two copies of each chromosome. These replicated chromosomes are called sister chromatids, and they are still attached to each other.
Next, during the process of meiosis I, homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material through a process called genetic recombination. This recombination helps in creating genetic diversity. Then, the homologous chromosomes separate, and each daughter cell receives one member from each pair of chromosomes. Each daughter cell still contains replicated chromosomes (i.e., each chromosome has two sister chromatids).
Now, in meiosis II, the daughter cells from meiosis I undergo another round of division without any DNA replication. In this division, the sister chromatids separate and move to different daughter cells. At the end of meiosis II, each daughter cell only has one copy of each chromosome, which means they have half the DNA content of the parent cell.
Therefore, statement c) The new cells have half the DNA of the parent cell is true, making it the correct statement. Statements a) and d) are incorrect because meiosis involves two rounds of cell division, not one, and the products of meiosis are not identical cells. Statement b) is incorrect because DNA is copied during the first round of meiosis but not during the second round.
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Meiosis is a specialized form of cell division that produces reproductive cells, such as plant and fungal spores and sperm and egg cells. In general, this process involves a "parent" cell splitting into two or more "daughter" cells
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