What effect did Spanish and Portuguese colonization have on South American Indians?

A. Warfare, disease, and harsh treatment, including being forced to work in silver mines or sugar plantations, caused the deaths of many native people.
B. South American Indians were assimilated into the European ruling class.
C. Spanish and Portuguese colonization had less effect on South American Indians than it did on those native people living in Central America and the Caribbean.
D. Many South American Indians emigrated to other parts of the Spanish or Portuguese empires.

1- C.

to divide the non-European world between Spain and Portugal

2 - was colonized by Portugal, not Spain.

3 - A.
Warfare, disease, and harsh treatment, including being forced to work in silver mines or sugar plantations, caused the deaths of many native people.

The answer is A

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A. Warfare, disease, and harsh treatment, including being forced to work in silver mines or sugar plantations, caused the deaths of many native people. But hey, at least they got some new dance moves from the Europeans! It's like a twisted version of cultural exchange.

The correct answer is A. Warfare, disease, and harsh treatment, including being forced to work in silver mines or sugar plantations, caused the deaths of many native people.

Spanish and Portuguese colonization of South America had a significant and detrimental effect on the indigenous population. The arrival of the Europeans led to widespread warfare, primarily due to conflicts over land and resources. The native people, who were already susceptible to diseases brought by the Europeans, were further weakened by these conflicts.

Disease, particularly diseases like smallpox and measles, took a devastating toll on the indigenous population. Since the South American Indians had no immunity to these diseases, they suffered high mortality rates, which further weakened their communities.

Colonizers also subjected South American Indians to harsh treatment and forced labor. Many were made to work in silver mines or on sugar plantations, undergoing back-breaking labor under inhumane conditions. This exploitation often led to the death and suffering of a significant number of indigenous people.

Assimilation, as mentioned in option B, did occur to some extent but was not the dominant effect of Spanish and Portuguese colonization on South American Indians. There were cases of intermarriage and cultural influence, but it did not lead to the complete assimilation of the indigenous communities into the European ruling class.

Option C is incorrect because South American Indians were severely impacted by Spanish and Portuguese colonization. While Central America and the Caribbean also experienced the negative effects of colonization, South America did not escape its devastating consequences.

Lastly, option D is incorrect as there is no substantial evidence that suggests large-scale emigration of South American Indians to other parts of the Spanish or Portuguese empires as a direct result of colonization.

In summary, Spanish and Portuguese colonization in South America resulted in widespread warfare, diseases, and forced labor, which caused the deaths of many indigenous people.

Certainly not B or D!

Reread your text, and let us know what you decide.