1. What is government? (1 point)
a) the services provided for a community, such as police protection, fire protection, and public health programs
b) the laws that protect people's rights and ensure the safety of a state's citizens
c) the institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies
d) the process by which public officials are elected to and removed from office
2. Which of the following is the best definition of the public policies of a government? (1 point)
a) everything a government decides to do
b) everything a government does related to public services
c) everything a government does to collect taxes
d) everything a government decides to do regarding foreign affairs
3. Which of the following lists the three basic powers a government must have? (1 point)
a) executive power, legislative power, military power
b) legislative power, executive power, judicial power
c) economic power, judicial power, legislative power
d) judicial power, diplomatic power, executive power
4. In what way is the United States a representative democracy? (1 point)
a) Citizens allow a self-appointed elite to make decisions for them.
b) Citizens decide laws and policies directly in mass meetings.
c) Citizens choose small groups of people to make laws and policies for them.
d) Citizens elect a president who has absolute power to make decisions for them.
5. Which statement best expresses the concerns of the founders of the American government? (1 point)
a) Their focus was to create a government that protected the nation from foreign enemies.
b) Their focus was to create a government that protected the nation from domestic threats.
c) Their focus was to create a nation that protected national interests over individual rights.
d) Their focus was to create a government that protected all aspects of the nation and its people.
6. Which philosophers of the European Enlightenment influenced the founding documents of American government? (1 point)
a) Michel de Montaigne and Denis Diderot
b) Charles de Montesquieu and Mary Wollstonecraft
c) Thomas Hobbes and John Locke
d) Isaac Newton and Voltaire
7. Which one of these explanations about the origins of states best applies to the type of political system created by the U.S. Constitution? (1 point)
a) force theory
b) evolutionary theory
c) divine right of kings theory
d) social contract theory
8. How does the chief executive of a parliamentary system differ from that of a presidential system?
a) Unlike a president, a prime minister is a member of both the legislative and executive branches.
b) Unlike a president, the prime minister is elected by the citizenry.
c) Unlike a president, the prime minister is the only member of the executive branch.
d) Unlike a president, the prime minister is under the direct control of the legislature.
9. Which of the following best explains what the philosophers of the Enlightenment and the Founding Fathers meant by the phrase "unalienable rights"? (1 point)
a) legal rights
b) political equality
c) popular sovereignty
d) natural rights
10. Which of the following ideas is embodied in this excerpt? (1 point)
a) The king needed the consent of Parliament to appoint advisors and ministers.
b) The king had the right to prosecute illegal petitions protesting royal laws.
c) The king had the power to suspend laws without Parliament's consent.
d) The king needed the consent of Parliament in order to tax people.
C
A
B
C
D
C
D
A
D
D
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what is the answer
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1. c) the institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies
2. a) everything a government decides to do
3. b) legislative power, executive power, judicial power
4. c) Citizens choose small groups of people to make laws and policies for them.
5. d) Their focus was to create a government that protected all aspects of the nation and its people.
6. c) Thomas Hobbes and John Locke
7. d) social contract theory
8. a) Unlike a president, a prime minister is a member of both the legislative and executive branches.
9. d) natural rights
10. a) The king needed the consent of Parliament to appoint advisors and ministers.
1. The best answer is c) the institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies. To understand what government is, you can look at the different aspects of its definition. In this case, government refers to the overall institution that has the authority to make decisions and enforce laws and policies for a society.
2. The best answer is a) everything a government decides to do. Public policies refer to the decisions and actions that a government takes in order to address various issues and needs within a society. It encompasses everything from social and economic policies to laws and regulations.
3. The best answer is b) legislative power, executive power, judicial power. These three powers are often referred to as the three branches of government. Legislative power refers to the authority to make laws, executive power is the authority to enforce laws, and judicial power is the authority to interpret and apply laws.
4. The best answer is c) Citizens choose small groups of people to make laws and policies for them. The United States is a representative democracy, which means that citizens elect individuals to represent their interests and make decisions on their behalf. These representatives, such as members of Congress, are responsible for making laws and policies.
5. The best answer is d) Their focus was to create a government that protected all aspects of the nation and its people. The founders of the American government had various concerns, but a central focus was to establish a government that balanced the protection of individual rights with the needs of the nation as a whole. They aimed to establish a government that protected the rights and interests of both individuals and the collective.
6. The best answer is c) Thomas Hobbes and John Locke. These two philosophers of the European Enlightenment had significant influence on the founding documents of American government. John Locke's ideas about natural rights and limited government, as well as Thomas Hobbes' ideas about social contract theory, helped shape the principles and ideas that guided the formation of the American government.
7. The best answer is d) social contract theory. The U.S. Constitution is based on the idea of social contract theory, which suggests that the legitimacy of government comes from an agreement or contract between the people and their rulers. The Constitution establishes the rights and responsibilities of the government and the citizens, reflecting the idea that government derives its power from the consent of the governed.
8. The best answer is a) Unlike a president, a prime minister is a member of both the legislative and executive branches. In a parliamentary system, the chief executive, often called the prime minister, is a member of the legislative branch. This is different from a presidential system, where the president is separate from the legislative branch.
9. The best answer is d) natural rights. The phrase "unalienable rights" refers to the concept put forth by Enlightenment philosophers and the Founding Fathers that certain rights are inherent to individuals by virtue of their humanity. These rights, often referred to as natural rights, include things like life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. They are considered fundamental and cannot be taken away or alienated by any government or authority.
10. The best answer is a) The king needed the consent of Parliament to appoint advisors and ministers. The excerpt implies that the king was required to seek the consent of Parliament before making certain appointments. This reflects the idea of a limited monarchy and the importance of checks and balances in the exercise of royal power.