Which of the following best explains why Mars' and Venus' surface temperatures vary, despite both planets having atmospheres that contain mostly carbon dioxide?

Which of the following best explains why Mars' and Venus' surface temperatures vary, despite both planets having atmospheres that contain mostly carbon dioxide?

1)Mars has a thin atmosphere that cannot hold much heat.

Why is Venus the hottest solar system planet?
2)Its atmosphere is rich in carbon dioxide gas.

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The weight of an object depends on the force of gravity acting on it. On which planet would a given object weigh the most?
3) Jupiter

Which percent of Earthโ€™s atmosphere does carbon dioxide gas make up?
4) less than one percent

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The difference in surface temperatures between Mars and Venus can be attributed to various factors despite both having significant amounts of carbon dioxide in their atmospheres. The following factors contribute to the temperature variations:

1. Distance from the Sun: The distance between a planet and the Sun significantly affects its temperature. Venus is closer to the Sun than Mars, resulting in a greater amount of solar radiation reaching its surface. This proximity leads to Venus experiencing extreme heat, with an average surface temperature of about 900 degrees Fahrenheit (475 degrees Celsius). On the other hand, Mars is farther from the Sun, causing it to receive less solar radiation and resulting in much colder average surface temperatures of around -80 degrees Fahrenheit (-62 degrees Celsius).

2. Atmospheric composition: While both Mars and Venus have carbon dioxide as a major component of their atmospheres, the specific concentrations and overall atmospheric compositions differ greatly. Venus has an extremely dense atmosphere, with about 96% carbon dioxide, which creates a strong greenhouse effect. This thick atmosphere traps heat, causing a severe greenhouse effect that contributes to its scorching temperatures. In contrast, Mars has a much thinner atmosphere, with only about 0.6% carbon dioxide. This thin atmosphere is less effective at trapping heat, leading to significant heat loss and extremely cold temperatures.

3. Atmospheric pressure: The atmospheric pressure on a planet affects its ability to retain heat. Venus has an atmospheric pressure about 92 times greater than Earth's, creating a significant greenhouse effect that contributes to its high temperatures. Meanwhile, Mars has a much lower atmospheric pressure compared to Earth, making it unable to maintain heat and resulting in colder temperatures.

In conclusion, the temperature differences between Mars and Venus can be explained by factors such as their distance from the Sun, atmospheric composition, and atmospheric pressure. While both planets have atmospheres rich in carbon dioxide, their varying conditions contribute to vastly different surface temperatures.

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