The out comes of hewett treaty that proved tobe disastrous for ethiopia were
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The outcomes of the Hewett treaty that proved to be disastrous for Ethiopia where
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The Hewett Treaty, also known as the Treaty of Wuchale, was signed between Ethiopia and Italy in 1889. It defined the borders between Ethiopia and Italian Eritrea, but its outcomes were indeed disastrous for Ethiopia.
To understand the negative consequences of the Hewett Treaty, let me explain its historical context and what happened:
1. Background: During the Scramble for Africa in the late 19th century, European powers were competing to colonize African territories. Italy, aiming to expand its influence, sought to establish a foothold in Ethiopia, which was one of the few remaining African nations to maintain its independence.
2. The Treaty: Negotiations took place between Ethiopia's Emperor Menelik II and the Italian government represented by Count Pietro Antonelli. The negotiations were conducted in both Amharic (Ethiopia's official language) and Italian, leading to a significant misunderstanding over a key clause.
3. The Contentious Clause: The Italian version of the treaty claimed that Ethiopia would make Italy its "protectorate," effectively making Ethiopia a subordinate state. However, the Amharic version stated that Ethiopia would only have the option to conduct its foreign affairs through Italy, not surrendering its sovereignty.
4. Italy's Manipulation: Italy deliberately used the different translations to its advantage and, without clarifying the language disparity, presented the Italian version to the international community as binding. This manipulation fueled Italy's imperialistic ambitions and facilitated its subsequent invasion of Ethiopia.
5. Ethiopian Resistance: Emperor Menelik II, upon discovering Italy's deceit, refused to accept the Italian version of the treaty. Ethiopia resisted Italian attempts to enforce its claims, resulting in the Italo-Ethiopian War of 1895-1896.
6. Battle of Adwa: In a remarkable show of defiance and military prowess, Ethiopian forces decisively defeated the Italians in the Battle of Adwa in 1896. This victory prevented Ethiopia from being fully colonized by Italy and secured its continued independence.
Despite this military victory, the consequences of the Hewett Treaty were disastrous for Ethiopia:
1. Loss of Territory: The treaty initially demarcated the border in favor of Italy, granting them substantial territories that historically belonged to Ethiopia. These regions included modern-day areas such as Eritrea, parts of Tigray, and the Red Sea coastline.
2. Impaired Sovereignty: The misinterpretation and international recognition of the Italian version of the treaty undermined Ethiopia's sovereignty and led to political instability. It prompted imperialistic interests to exploit Ethiopia's vulnerabilities and encroach further on its territories.
3. Delayed Recognitions: It was only after Ethiopia's victory at the Battle of Adwa that major world powers, including Italy itself, started recognizing Ethiopia's sovereignty. However, the initial impact of the treaty had already caused significant damage.
In summary, the disastrous outcomes of the Hewett Treaty included the loss of territory, impairment of sovereignty, and the subsequent challenges Ethiopia faced to reclaim its independence.