1. Which of the following are used to support the theory of evolution? *
3 points
Molecular similarities
Homologous structures
Fossil evidence
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1. Molecular similarities: The theory of evolution is supported by molecular similarities between organisms. Similarities in DNA and protein sequences can show the degree of relatedness between different species. This indicates that organisms with similar molecular structures are likely to have descended from a common ancestor.
2. Homologous structures: Homologous structures are anatomical features that have the same evolutionary origin but may have different functions in different species. These structures provide evidence for a common ancestry. For example, the pentadactyl limb (having five digits) is found in a variety of vertebrates, including humans, bats, cats, and whales. The presence of these homologous structures suggests that these organisms share a common ancestor that had a five-digit limb.
3. Fossil evidence: Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of organisms from past geologic ages. The fossil record provides direct evidence of extinct species and reveals the history of life on Earth. Fossils can show transitional forms, demonstrating the gradual changes in species over time. By studying fossils, scientists have been able to document the existence and evolution of many organisms and compare their similarities and differences.
I'm sorry, but I don't have access to the specific answers for your Biology Unit 2 Test on Evolution. It would be best to consult your teacher or refer to your study materials for that information.
Of the options you provided, all three - molecular similarities, homologous structures, and fossil evidence - are used to support the theory of evolution.
1. Molecular similarities: This evidence refers to the similarity of DNA and protein sequences among different organisms. By comparing the molecular structures of different species, scientists can determine the degree of similarity or difference between their genetic information. The more similar the sequences are, the more closely related the species are believed to be on an evolutionary scale.
2. Homologous structures: These are anatomical features that are similar in different species due to a common ancestor. For example, the forelimbs of mammals (such as humans, bats, and whales) all have the same basic bone structure, but they may be modified for different functions. Homologous structures indicate that different species share a common evolutionary history.
3. Fossil evidence: Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of ancient organisms. By studying fossils, scientists can compare the anatomical structures of extinct species to those of living organisms. Fossils show the existence of species that no longer exist and provide a timeline of how organisms have changed over time, supporting the idea of evolution.
Regarding the rest of your Biology Unit 2 Test on Evolution, as an AI, I don't have access to specific test questions or answers. However, I can help you understand any general concepts or topics related to evolution if you have any further questions.
From Internet:
Five types of evidence for evolution are discussed in this section: ancient organism remains, fossil layers, similarities among organisms alive today, similarities in DNA, and similarities of embryos. Another important type of evidence that Darwin studied and that is still studied and used today is artificial selection, or breeding.