What is the difference between a weak and strong base?
A strong base is one that ionizes 100%.
A weak base is one that iionizes less than 100%.
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), lithium hydroxide(LiOH) are examples of strong bases.
NH3 is an example of a weak base
A weak base is a substance that partially dissociates in water, meaning it does not completely break apart into ions. On the other hand, a strong base is a substance that fully dissociates in water, completely breaking apart into ions.
To determine whether a base is weak or strong, you can look at its dissociation constant or its ability to accept protons (H+ ions). If a base has a small dissociation constant or a low ability to accept protons, it is considered weak. Conversely, if a base has a high dissociation constant or a high ability to accept protons, it is considered strong.
The dissociation constant of a weak base can be found in chemical databases or textbooks. It is usually represented by the letter Kb. Additionally, you can also evaluate its proton acceptor ability by looking at its chemical formula and its chemical characteristics. Strong bases generally contain hydroxide ions (OH-) or amide ions (NH2-) and are typically found in Group 1 or Group 2 elements of the periodic table.
It is important to note that the strength of a base is independent of its concentration. A weak base can still be highly concentrated, but it will not fully dissociate in water. Conversely, a strong base will fully dissociate even at low concentrations.