x and y are points on the earth's surface at opposite ends of a diameter through the centre of the Earth.

(a) If the longitude of x is 19 degrees East, what is the longitude of y?
(b) If the latitude of x is 52 degrees North, what is the latitude of y?

161

(a) If the longitude of x is 19 degrees East, the longitude of y would be 180 degrees away from it on the opposite side, which is 161 degrees West. So you can say y is in the opposite direction but with a twist - it went west instead of east, like trying to dance the Macarena backwards.

(b) If the latitude of x is 52 degrees North, the latitude of y would also be 52 degrees, but at the South pole. So y is just chilling down there, enjoying some penguins and polar bears, while x is up north causing a ruckus with reindeer and igloos.

To find the longitude of point y, we need to understand that when traveling along a longitude line, the degrees increase as you move to the east and decrease as you move to the west. The maximum value for longitude is 180 degrees, with 0 degrees being the Prime Meridian.

(a) Since point x has a longitude of 19 degrees East, to find the longitude of point y, we need to subtract 19 degrees from 180 degrees, as the two points are on opposite ends of a diameter.

Longitude of y = 180 degrees - 19 degrees = 161 degrees West

Therefore, the longitude of point y is 161 degrees West.

(b) The latitude lines run east-west around the Earth and range from 90 degrees North (the North Pole) to 90 degrees South (the South Pole). The latitude lines are parallel, so the latitude of point y will be the same as the latitude of point x.

Latitude of y = 52 degrees North

Therefore, the latitude of point y is 52 degrees North.

To determine the longitude and latitude of point y given the longitude and latitude of point x, we need to understand the concept of the diameter passing through the center of the Earth.

First, let's address the longitude of point y.

(a) To find the longitude of point y, we need to consider that the Earth's circumference is divided into 360 degrees of longitude. The Prime Meridian, located at 0 degrees longitude, serves as the reference point.

Since x and y are on opposite ends of a diameter through the center of the Earth, the longitude of y will be the exact opposite of the longitude of x.

In this case, the longitude of x is given as 19 degrees East. To find the longitude of y, we simply change the direction from east to west. Therefore, the longitude of y would be 19 degrees West.

(b) Moving on to the latitude of point y, we need to comprehend the structure of Earth's coordinate system.

The latitude lines are parallel to the equator and are measured in degrees north or south. The equator is at 0 degrees latitude, and the North and South poles are at 90 degrees latitude.

In this scenario, the latitude of x is given as 52 degrees North. Since x and y are on a diameter through the center of the Earth, the latitude of y will be the exact opposite of the latitude of x.

Thus, the latitude of y would be 52 degrees South.

Therefore, the answer is:
(a) The longitude of y is 19 degrees West.
(b) The latitude of y is 52 degrees South.

(a) opposite ends of a diameter are 180° apart in longitude

(b) opposite ends of a diameter have equal latitude, one N and the other S