What will be the effect of these salts using either blue or red litmus paper on hydrolysis?

(1) copper chloride (CUCl2)
(2) copper sulphate (CUSO4)
(3) Barium chloride (BaCl2)
(4) Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl)

CuCl₂(aq) => Cu⁺²(aq) + 2Clˉ(aq)

Clˉ(aq) + H₂O(l) => No Reaction (Theoretically Clˉ + H₂O => HCl + OHˉ. Since HCl is a strong acid and remains 100% Ionized this hydrolysis does not occur.)
Cu⁺²(aq) + H₂O(l) => Cu(OH)₂(aq) + H⁺(aq) (Kf of Cu(OH)₂ = 1/2.2 x 10ˉ²⁰ = 4.6 x 10¹⁹ leaving sufficient H⁺(aq) to give pH < 7 => Blue Litmus => Red)

The same is true for CuSO₄(aq) => Cu⁺²(aq) + SO₄ˉ²(aq)
SO₄ˉ²(aq) + H₂O(l) => HSO₄ˉ(aq) + OHˉ(aq) which is basic b/c of the OHˉ(aq) ions from the weak bisulfate ion, but Cu⁺²(aq) hydrolysis has such a high formation constant, [H⁺] > [OHˉ] and the pH of CuSO₄(aq) would be acidic; i.e., Blue Litmus => Red.

Ba(OH)₂(aq) => Ba⁺²(aq) + 2OHˉ(aq)
Ba(OH)₂(aq) is a Group IIA hydroxide and is classified as a strong base. That is, neither Ba⁺²(aq) or OHˉ(aq) ions would hydrolyze. The pH of the Ba(OH)₂(aq) would therefore depend only on the autoionization of water => H₂O(l) => H⁺(aq) + OHˉ(aq) => [H⁺] = 10ˉ⁷M => pH = -log[H⁺] = -log(10ˉ⁷) = 7.

NH₄Cl(aq) => NH⁺(aq) + Clˉ(aq)
Clˉ(aq) + H₂O(l) => No Reaction (see CuCl₂(aq) explanation)
NH₄⁺(aq) + H₂O(l) => NH₄OH(aq) + H⁺(aq) => pH < 7 => blue litmus => red.

Using blue and red litmus papers on salts can help determine whether they are acidic, basic, or neutral. Here is the step-by-step breakdown of the effects of these salts on hydrolysis using blue and red litmus paper:

1. Copper chloride (CuCl2):
- Step 1: Take a strip of blue litmus paper.
- Step 2: Dip the blue litmus paper into a solution containing copper chloride.
- Step 3: If the blue litmus paper turns red, it indicates that copper chloride is acidic and can undergo hydrolysis.

2. Copper sulfate (CuSO4):
- Step 1: Take a strip of blue litmus paper.
- Step 2: Dip the blue litmus paper into a solution containing copper sulfate.
- Step 3: If the blue litmus paper remains blue, it indicates that copper sulfate is neutral and does not undergo hydrolysis.

3. Barium chloride (BaCl2):
- Step 1: Take a strip of blue litmus paper.
- Step 2: Dip the blue litmus paper into a solution containing barium chloride.
- Step 3: If the blue litmus paper remains blue, it indicates that barium chloride is neutral and does not undergo hydrolysis.

4. Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl):
- Step 1: Take a strip of red litmus paper.
- Step 2: Dip the red litmus paper into a solution containing ammonium chloride.
- Step 3: If the red litmus paper turns blue, it indicates that ammonium chloride is basic and can undergo hydrolysis.

Please note that litmus papers are used as a general indicator to determine whether a substance is acidic, basic, or neutral. The exact process of hydrolysis and the pH of the solutions may vary based on other factors, such as concentration and temperature.

To determine the effect of salts on hydrolysis using litmus paper, you need to understand the nature of each salt and its reaction with water.

1) Copper chloride (CuCl2):
Copper chloride is formed from the combination of copper and chlorine ions. When it comes into contact with water, it dissociates into copper and chloride ions. Neither of these ions interfere with hydrolysis. Therefore, copper chloride does not have a significant effect on hydrolysis, and both blue and red litmus paper will remain unchanged when in contact with it.

2) Copper sulfate (CuSO4):
Similar to copper chloride, copper sulfate is formed from the combination of copper and sulfate ions. When dissolved in water, it dissociates into copper and sulfate ions. Again, neither of these ions interfere with hydrolysis, so copper sulfate does not have a significant effect on hydrolysis. Therefore, both blue and red litmus paper will remain unchanged when in contact with it.

3) Barium chloride (BaCl2):
Barium chloride is formed from the combination of barium and chloride ions. When it comes into contact with water, it dissociates into barium and chloride ions. However, neither of these ions significantly interferes with hydrolysis. Therefore, barium chloride does not have a significant effect on hydrolysis, and both blue and red litmus paper will remain unchanged when in contact with it.

4) Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl):
Ammonium chloride is formed from the combination of ammonium and chloride ions. When dissolved in water, it dissociates into ammonium and chloride ions. Ammonium ions (NH4+) readily react with water to form ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH), which is a weak base. This hydroxide ions (OH-) release from the ammonium hydroxide can affect hydrolysis. When blue litmus paper is in contact with ammonium chloride, it turns red due to the formation of ammonium hydroxide. However, when red litmus paper is in contact with ammonium chloride, it may remain red or turn blueish due to the slight acidity of the chloride ions. Overall, ammonium chloride has a slight effect on hydrolysis, and the blue litmus paper will turn red in its presence.

In summary, copper chloride, copper sulfate, and barium chloride do not significantly affect hydrolysis, and both blue and red litmus paper will remain unchanged when in contact with them. On the other hand, ammonium chloride has a slight effect on hydrolysis, and blue litmus paper will turn red in its presence.