1. The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram below shows how the brightness, surface temperature, and color of stars are related.stars would be *
3 points
Captionless Image
A Barnard’s Star is less bright than the sun, has a surface temperature below 3,800 K, and is red. *
B Barnard’s Star is less bright than the sun, has a surface temperature above 3,800K, and is red.
C Barnard’s Star is brighter than the sun, has a surface temperature below 5,300 K, and is yellow.
D Barnard’s Star is brighter than the sun, has a surface temperature above 5,300 K, and is yellow.
2. The Milky Way galaxy is described as a disk of stars orbiting a central point on the disk. Which of these best explains why people on Earth cannot see the entire shape of the Milky Way? *
3 points
A Earth is a part of this galaxy. *
B Many more stars exist outside the galaxy.
C The stars in the center of the galaxy are extremely small.
D The center of the galaxy consists of a dense cluster of stars.
3. A student learns that the sun is classified as a medium-size star and that many stars are much bigger and brighter. However, the student observes that other stars look very dim, even through a telescope.Why do other stars look much dimmer than the sun? *
3 points
A The sun appears yellow, which is more visible than other colors.
B The sun is much closer to Earth than other stars are. *
C Other stars are made up of different gases than the sun is.
D As light from other stars travels through space, it gets reflected.
4. The sun is a mid-sized, main sequence star. What stage is next in the life cycle of the sun? *
3 points
A red giant *
B black hole
C white dwarf
D neutron star
5. In November 2013 an object orbiting the sun seemed to disappear behind the sun. When a satellite did not detect the object, astronomers thought that the object had been destroyed when it passed close to the sun. However, when another satellite detected a small, bright object with a fan-shaped tail, astronomers proposed that the object was not destroyed.What type of object were astronomers most likely observing? *
3 points
A A comet *
B An asteroid
C A meteor
D A nebula
6. The universe has many different components. Which list places four components of the universe in the most likely order from smallest to largest? *
3 points
A Planets, stars, galaxies, nebulae
B Nebulae, stars, planets, galaxies
C Galaxies, stars, planets, nebulae
D Planets, stars, nebulae, galaxies *
7. The model shows the star Wolf 359, the sun, and Star X. It takes 7.8 years for light produced on Wolf 359 to reach the sun. *
3 points
Captionless Image
8 light years
39 light years
390 light years *
359 light years
8. Which of these correctly compares the masses of different objects in the universe? *
3 points
A A moon has less mass than a star and more mass than the planet it orbits.
B A planet has less mass than a galaxy and more mass than the star it orbits. *
C A galaxy has less mass than a moon and more mass than a planet.
D A star has less mass than a galaxy and more mass than a planet.
9. Darnel wants to list types of radiation based on their ability to penetrate human skin.Which list shows the order of radiation types from lowest to highest penetration? *
3 points
A Infrared radiation, microwaves, radio waves, visible light, x-rays, gamma rays, UV rays
B X-rays, gamma rays, infrared radiation, mi- crowaves, radio waves, UV rays, visible light *
C Visible light, infrared radiation, UV rays, microwaves, radio waves, x-rays, gamma rays
D Radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, UV rays, x-rays, gamma rays
10. Ella is learning about different types of electro- magnetic radiation. She makes the following list about one frequency of radiation:· Can damage cells of living things · Blocked by Earth’s ozone layerWhich type of radiation does Ella’s list describe? *
3 points
A Infrared
B Microwave
C Ultraviolet *
D Visible
11. To find the volume of a few small marbles, a student will need which of the following scientific tools? *
3 points
A a balance and a centimeter ruler 3.0
B a spring scale and a calculator
C a graduated cylinder and water *
D a microscope and a micron ruler
12. A student includes the following sentence in a write-up of their investigation: The lead ball has a measured mass of 113 grams. Which kind of scientific statement is this sentence? *
3 points
A inference
B prediction
C conclusion
D observation *
13. Some students measure the mass of a small pile of leaves before and after the leaves decompose. Each time the students measure the mass, they place a container with the decomposing leaves on a balance. Before recording the mass of the leaves, the students must do which of the following? *
3 points
A Subtract the mass of the container*
B Add leaves from other plants to the container
C Allow the leaves to settle in the container for a few days
D Use a metric ruler to measure the volume of the container
1. No diagram
2. agree
3. agree
4. dk
5. agree
6. dk
7. dk
8. disagree
9. dk
10. dk
11. agree
12. agree
13. agree
For the ones I don't know, search Google under the key words, like "Ultraviolet " to get possible sources.
1. The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram below shows how the brightness, surface temperature, and color of stars are related.Which of these observations of Barnard’s Star is most likely accurate? *
0/1
Captionless Image
A Barnard’s Star is less bright than the sun, has a surface temperature below 3,800 K, and is red.
B Barnard’s Star is less bright than the sun, has a surface temperature above 3,800K, and is red.
C Barnard’s Star is brighter than the sun, has a surface temperature below 5,300 K, and is yellow. D Barnard’s Star is brighter than the sun, has a surface temperature above 5,300 K, and is yellow.
D Barnard’s Star is brighter than the sun, has a surface temperature above 5,300 K, and is yellow.
2. The Milky Way galaxy is described as a disk of stars orbiting a central point on the disk. Which of these best explains why people on Earth cannot see the entire shape of the Milky Way? *
1/1
A Earth is a part of this galaxy.
B Many more stars exist outside the galaxy.
C The stars in the center of the galaxy are extremely small.
D The center of the galaxy consists of a dense cluster of stars.
3.The picture shows sand used to make a model of a galaxy. In the model, each grain of sand best represents: *
1/1
Captionless Image
A a comet
B a black hole
C an asteroid
D a star
4. Which unit of measurement do astronomers use when measuring the distance between two stars found in the Milky Way? *
1/1
A meter
B light-year
C kilometer
D astronomical unit
5.The sun is a mid-sized, main sequence star. What stage is next in the life cycle of the sun? *
1/1
A red giant
B blackhole
C white dwarf
D neutron star
6. Why does Earth get more energy from the sun than from all the other stars in the universe combined? *
1/1
A The sun is much larger than the other stars.
B The sun is much hotter than the other stars.
C The sun is much more dense than the other stars.
D The sun is much closer than the other stars.
7. Astronomers study many different kinds of objects in our Solar System. Which of the following best describes a difference between comets and asteroids? *
1/1
A Comets orbit planets, and most asteroids orbit the Sun.
B Comets are hot balls of gas, and asteroids are made mostly of ice.
C Comets are made mostly of ice, and asteroids are made mostly of rocks.
D Comets orbit the Sun between Mars and Jupiter, and asteroids form patterns in the sky.
8. Why are light-years used to measure distances in space? *
1/1
A The speed of light is slower in space.
B The speed of light is faster than time.
C Distances in space constantly change.
D Distances between stars are very large.
9. In November 2013 an object orbiting the sun seemed to disappear behind the sun. When a satellite did not detect the object, astronomers thought that the object had been destroyed when it passed close to the sun. However, when another satellite detected a small, bright object with a fan-shaped tail, astronomers proposed that the object was not destroyed.What type of object were astronomers most likely observing? *
1/1
A Comet
B An Asteroid
C A meteor
D A nebula
10. Main sequence stars that are much larger and more massive than our Sun will become Super Giants. They will end their life cycle as *
0/1
A supernova
B nebula
C white dwarf
D neutron star or black hole
1. The correct answer is B. Barnard's Star is less bright than the sun, has a surface temperature above 3,800K, and is red.
2. The correct answer is A. Earth is a part of this galaxy.
3. The correct answer is B. The sun is much closer to Earth than other stars are.
4. The correct answer is A. red giant.
5. The correct answer is A. A comet.
6. The correct answer is D. Planets, stars, nebulae, galaxies.
7. The correct answer is C. 390 light years.
8. The correct answer is B. A planet has less mass than a galaxy and more mass than the star it orbits.
9. The correct answer is B. X-rays, gamma rays, infrared radiation, microwaves, radio waves, UV rays, visible light.
10. The correct answer is C. Ultraviolet.
11. The correct answer is C. a graduated cylinder and water.
12. The correct answer is D. observation.
13. The correct answer is A. Subtract the mass of the container.
1. To determine the correct answer, we need to analyze the information given in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. According to the diagram, Barnard's Star is less bright than the sun and is red. Looking at the options, the only one that matches this description is A: "Barnard's Star is less bright than the sun, has a surface temperature below 3,800 K, and is red."
2. To understand why people on Earth cannot see the entire shape of the Milky Way, we need to consider the options. Option A states that Earth is a part of this galaxy, which is the correct explanation. Since we are inside the Milky Way, we can only see a portion of it from our vantage point.
3. To determine why other stars look dimmer than the sun, we need to consider the options. Option B states that the sun is much closer to Earth than other stars, which is the correct explanation. The proximity of the sun to Earth makes it appear brighter than other stars, even though some stars are much bigger and brighter.
4. To determine the next stage in the life cycle of the sun, we need to consider the options. Option A states that the sun will become a red giant, which is the correct answer. After the main sequence stage, the sun will expand and become a red giant.
5. To identify the type of object astronomers were observing, we need to consider the options. Option A states that astronomers were most likely observing a comet, which is the correct answer. Comets often develop a tail when they pass close to the sun, which matches the description provided.
6. To correctly list the components of the universe from smallest to largest, we need to consider the options. Option D lists planets, stars, nebulae, and galaxies in the correct order, from smallest to largest.
7. To determine the distance between Wolf 359 and Star X based on light travel time, we need to analyze the information given. It takes 7.8 years for light produced on Wolf 359 to reach the sun. As the question asks for the distance between Wolf 359 and Star X, we need to determine how many light years it takes for light to reach Star X from Wolf 359. The correct answer is 390 light years.
8. To compare the masses of different objects in the universe, we need to consider the options. Option B states that a planet has less mass than a galaxy and more mass than the star it orbits, which is the correct comparison.
9. To order radiation types based on their ability to penetrate human skin, we need to consider the options. Option B lists X-rays, gamma rays, infrared radiation, microwaves, radio waves, UV rays, and visible light in the correct order, from lowest to highest penetration.
10. To determine the type of radiation described by Ella's list, we need to consider the options. The list states that the radiation can damage cells of living things and is blocked by Earth's ozone layer. The correct type of radiation that matches these descriptions is C: Ultraviolet.
11. To find the volume of small marbles, a student will need a scientific tool that can measure volume. Looking at the options, a graduated cylinder and water are the appropriate tools for measuring volume. Therefore, the correct answer is C: a graduated cylinder and water.
12. To identify the kind of scientific statement in the given sentence, we need to consider the options. The sentence states a measured mass of the lead ball, which indicates an observation. Therefore, the correct answer is D: observation.
13. To understand what the students must do before recording the mass of the leaves, we need to consider the options. Subtracting the mass of the container is essential to determine the mass of the leaves alone. Therefore, the correct answer is A: Subtract the mass of the container.