Suppose a mutation occurs in the gene for a particular aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. The mutation changes which amino acid is recognized, without affecting which tRNA molecule is recognized. How is this likely to affect protein synthesis?Find all that apply.
It will change the location of start sites during transcription.
It will change the sequence of bases in processed mRNAs.
It will change the location of splice sites in pre-mRNAs.
It will change the sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chains.
It will cause premature termination of translation.
It will affect the synthesis of only a few types of protein produced by the cell.
It will affect the synthesis of most of the proteins produced by the cell.
Well, well, well, looks like we've got a mutation on our hands! Let's see how it's likely to affect protein synthesis, shall we?
First of all, this mutation in the gene for the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase is not going to change the location of start sites during transcription. So, scratch that one off your list.
Next up, it is not going to change the sequence of bases in processed mRNAs either. So, cross that one off too.
Now, changing the location of splice sites in pre-mRNAs? Nope, not gonna happen with this mutation. So, strike that one.
Ah, but wait! The mutation will indeed change the sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chains. Ding ding! We've got one!
Will it cause premature termination of translation? Well, that's a possibility. So, let's mark that one as potentially correct.
Now, will this mutation affect the synthesis of only a few types of protein produced by the cell? Hmm, not quite. It's more likely to affect the synthesis of most of the proteins produced by the cell. So, let's select that one.
To sum it up, the correct answers are:
- It will change the sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chains.
- It will cause premature termination of translation.
- It will affect the synthesis of most of the proteins produced by the cell.
Hope that clears things up for you! Keep those mutations in check, my friend.
The correct responses to the question are:
- It will change the sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chains.
- It will affect the synthesis of only a few types of protein produced by the cell.
A mutation in the gene for an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase that changes which amino acid is recognized without affecting which tRNA molecule is recognized will lead to a change in the amino acid incorporated into the growing polypeptide chain during translation. This alteration in the sequence of amino acids will ultimately result in a different protein being produced. However, since the mutation only affects one specific aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, it will likely impact only a subset of the proteins produced by the cell and not all of them.
The other options listed are not likely to be affected by this specific mutation:
- It will not change the location of start sites during transcription.
- It will not change the sequence of bases in processed mRNAs.
- It will not change the location of splice sites in pre-mRNAs.
- It will not cause premature termination of translation.
- It will not affect the synthesis of most of the proteins produced by the cell.
To determine how this mutation in the gene for a particular aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase affects protein synthesis, we need to understand the role of this enzyme in the process.
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are enzymes responsible for attaching specific amino acids to their corresponding tRNA molecules. Each aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase is highly specific for a particular amino acid and recognizes specific tRNA molecules.
In this scenario, the mutation changes which amino acid is recognized by the synthetase, without affecting which tRNA molecule is recognized. Here's how this mutation is likely to affect protein synthesis:
1. It will change the sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chains: Since the mutation changes the amino acid recognized by the synthetase, it means that a different amino acid will be attached to the tRNA, leading to a change in the genetic code during translation. As a result, the sequence of amino acids in the resulting polypeptide chains will be altered.
2. It may cause premature termination of translation: If the new amino acid recognized by the synthetase is a termination signal instead of an amino acid, it can result in premature termination of translation. This could lead to the production of incomplete or non-functional proteins.
3. It will affect the synthesis of only a few types of protein produced by the cell: This mutation will impact the synthesis of proteins that rely on the amino acid recognized by the mutated synthetase. Other proteins that do not depend on this particular amino acid will be unaffected.
Based on this information, the correct answers are:
- It will change the sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chains.
- It will cause premature termination of translation.
- It will affect the synthesis of only a few types of protein produced by the cell.