Draw a formula for the lowest molecular weight compound that contains C, H, and possibly O, N or S, is a chiral compound, contains ONLY one functional group, and is a chloroalkane.
To draw a formula for the lowest molecular weight compound that fulfills the given conditions, we can start with a basic chloroalkane structure and then add the necessary atoms and functional groups.
Step 1: Start with the chloroalkane structure
The basic structure of a chloroalkane is a carbon chain with one or more chlorine atoms (Cl) attached. Let's start with the simplest chloroalkane, which is chloromethane (CH3Cl).
CH3Cl
Step 2: Ensure chirality
To make the compound chiral, we need to introduce a chiral center, which is a carbon atom bonded to four different substituents. Let's replace one of the hydrogen atoms in chloromethane with another substituent.
CH3-C(Cl)H
Step 3: Add one functional group
We need to add one functional group to the compound. Let's consider adding an oxygen atom to create an alcohol functional group (-OH). This will result in the compound being a chloroalkanol.
CH3-C(Cl)OH
Step 4: Additional options for elements
The compound can also contain nitrogen (N) or sulfur (S) in addition to carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O). If we consider adding an oxygen atom instead of a nitrogen or sulfur atom, our compound will be an alcohol.
CH3-C(Cl)OH
Therefore, the formula for the lowest molecular weight compound that contains C, H, and possibly O, N, or S, is a chiral compound, contains only one functional group, and is a chloroalkane is CH3-C(Cl)OH.
To draw the formula for the lowest molecular weight compound that satisfies all the given criteria, we need to consider the following:
1. It contains carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and possibly oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), or sulfur (S).
2. It is a chiral compound, which means it has a non-superimposable mirror image.
3. It contains only one functional group.
4. It is a chloroalkane, which means it has a chlorine atom (Cl) attached to a carbon chain.
Let's break down the steps to find the compound:
Step 1: Start with the basic structure of an alkane, which is a carbon chain with hydrogen atoms attached.
H H H H H H H H H H
| | | | | | | | | |
C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C
Step 2: Add a chlorine atom (Cl) to any carbon atom in the chain to make it a chloroalkane.
H H H H H H H H Cl H
| | | | | | | | | |
C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C
Step 3: To make it a chiral compound, we need to introduce an asymmetric carbon atom, which is a carbon atom bonded to four different substituents. Let's replace one of the hydrogen atoms with a different atom such as oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), or sulfur (S).
H H H H H H H O Cl H
| | | | | | | | | |
C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C
Step 4: Now, let's add a functional group to the carbon atom with the substituent. Since we need only one functional group, let's choose a primary alcohol (-OH).
H H H H H H O H O Cl H
| | | | | | | | | |
C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C
Step 5: Finally, let's arrange the substituents around the asymmetric carbon in a way that creates a non-superimposable mirror image (chiral center). For example, let's place the hydrogen atom at the top of the carbon atom.
H H H H H H O H O Cl
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ /
C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C
R
Here, "R" represents the remaining carbon chain.
The resulting compound is (R)-2-chlorobutanol. It is a chiral chloroalkane that contains carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), and a single functional group, which is an alcohol (-OH). Note that there are multiple possible compounds that meet the given criteria, but this is the lowest molecular weight option based on a four-carbon chain.